Berlin, Germany, experiences a moderately continental climate.
Winters are cold, with average temperatures around freezing.
Summers are moderately warm, with daytime temperatures often reaching around 77°F (25°C).
July is the hottest month, averaging a high of 76°F and a low of 59°F.
January is the coldest month, with an average low of 29°F and a high of 38°F.
Berlin’s weather varies significantly throughout the year.
From December to February, daylight is shorter, with limited sunshine averaging just a few hours per day.
This period is marked by cold weather and possible snowfall.
As spring arrives, temperatures gradually rise, with more daylight and increasing sunshine, leading to warmer and more pleasant weather in late spring and summer.
Interestingly, Berlin also experiences microclimates.
One such phenomenon is the “Altweibersommer,” or Indian Summer, which brings a brief period of warm weather in early fall.
As the capital of Germany, located in the northern hemisphere, Berlin offers a diverse experience in weather and climate, making it a unique destination in Europe.
For more detailed climate data, including monthly averages and climate graphs, visit Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Berlin.
Average Temperature in Berlin, Germany
Berlin experiences a range of temperatures throughout the year.
January is the coldest month, with average lows around 29°F and highs near 38°F. During this month, daily temperatures often stay below freezing.
July is the warmest month, with average highs reaching 76°F and lows around 59°F. The temperatures are pleasantly warm, with daily highs hovering around the mid-70s.
Here’s a breakdown of average monthly temperatures in Berlin:
| Month | Avg. High (°F) | Avg. Low (°F) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 38 | 29 |
| February | 40 | 30 |
| March | 48 | 35 |
| April | 59 | 41 |
| May | 68 | 50 |
| June | 73 | 55 |
| July | 76 | 59 |
| August | 75 | 58 |
| September | 67 | 52 |
| October | 57 | 44 |
| November | 46 | 36 |
| December | 40 | 31 |
December and February are also part of the coldest months, where average temperatures can hover around 30-40°F.
During June and August, temperatures are comfortably warm, making it a popular time for outdoor activities.
May, September, and October offer mild temperatures, providing a pleasant climate for visitors.
March and April show a gradual warming trend as spring approaches, with temperatures slowly rising from March’s cooler 48°F highs to April’s milder 59°F.
Berlin sees significant variations between day and night temperatures.
November often brings the first signs of winter chill, and October still holds onto some fall warmth.
Understanding the temperature patterns in Berlin can help in planning visits and activities throughout the year.
Average Precipitation in Berlin, Germany
Berlin experiences varied precipitation throughout the year, with significant differences in rainfall and snowfall across the seasons.
Average Rainfall in Berlin, Germany
Rainfall in Berlin is spread fairly evenly across the year.
On average, Berlin receives about 23-27 inches of rain annually.
The months with the highest rainfall are typically July and August.
In July, the city gets about 2.3 inches of rain, while August sees around 2.1 inches.
Spring and autumn bring moderate rain.
April and May see about 1.3 inches and 1.5 inches respectively, while September averages at 1.6 inches.
Winter months like December and January have similar amounts, each with around 1.6 inches of rain.
Monthly Rainfall in Inches
| Month | Rainfall (in) |
|---|---|
| January | 1.6 |
| February | 1.3 |
| March | 1.2 |
| April | 1.3 |
| May | 1.5 |
| June | 1.8 |
| July | 2.3 |
| August | 2.1 |
| September | 1.6 |
| October | 1.7 |
| November | 1.6 |
| December | 1.6 |
Average Snow in Berlin, Germany
Snowfall in Berlin mainly occurs during the winter months, from late November to early March.
The city averages around 20-25 inches of snow per year.
January sees the most snowfall, averaging around 8 inches.
December and February also contribute significantly to winter snowfall with about 6 inches each.
Snow tends to be light in November and March.
November averages around 3 inches of snow and March typically sees about 2 inches.
Snow days vary, but December and January usually have the highest number of snowy days.
Monthly Snowfall in Inches
| Month | Snowfall (in) |
|---|---|
| November | 3 |
| December | 6 |
| January | 8 |
| February | 6 |
| March | 2 |
Average Sun in Berlin, Germany
Berlin experiences varying hours of sunshine and daylight throughout the year, influenced by its position at 52 degrees north latitude. Below, we examine the average daily solar energy and other key factors of sun exposure in Berlin.
Average Daily Shortwave Solar Energy in Berlin, Germany
The amount of shortwave solar energy reaching Berlin varies monthly, peaking in the summer months.
Monthly Average Solar Energy:
| Month | kWh/m² per day |
|---|---|
| January | 1.3 |
| February | 2.3 |
| March | 3.3 |
| April | 4.8 |
| May | 5.9 |
| June | 6.2 |
| July | 5.9 |
| August | 5.1 |
| September | 3.9 |
| October | 2.4 |
| November | 1.3 |
| December | 0.9 |
Berlin gets the highest solar energy in June, averaging 6.2 kWh/m² per day, while December has the least at 0.9 kWh/m² per day.
These values reflect the changing daylight hours, impacting the sunshine in Berlin.
Sunshine and Daylight Hours:
| Month | Avg. Sunshine Hours | Avg. Daylight Hours |
|---|---|---|
| January | 1.5 | 8.5 |
| February | 2.5 | 10 |
| March | 4 | 12 |
| April | 5.5 | 14 |
| May | 7 | 16 |
| June | 7.5 | 17 |
| July | 7 | 16 |
| August | 6 | 14 |
| September | 4.5 | 12 |
| October | 3 | 10 |
| November | 1.5 | 8.5 |
| December | 1 | 8 |
Longer days in summer mean more sunshine hours, averaging 7.5 hours per day in June.
In winter, the city gets about 1 hour of sunshine per day in December.
Berlin’s yearly UV index varies but typically stays moderate.
It peaks in late spring and summer, requiring sun protection for outdoor activities during these months. For accurate details on Berlin’s UV index by month, detailed charts help understand better Berlin’s climate data.
Average Humidity in Berlin, Germany
Berlin experiences various levels of humidity throughout the year.
The average relative humidity is a crucial factor that affects how the air feels, especially during cold and humid times.
During the summer months, humidity levels can be more comfortable.
In June, July, and August, the relative humidity typically ranges from 60% to 70%.
In contrast, the winter months see higher relative humidity.
December, January, and February usually have levels between 80% to 85%. This increased moisture in the air can make the cold feel even more intense.
Monthly Average Relative Humidity in Berlin
| Month | Relative Humidity |
|---|---|
| January | 85% |
| February | 83% |
| March | 77% |
| April | 70% |
| May | 68% |
| June | 65% |
| July | 64% |
| August | 66% |
| September | 71% |
| October | 78% |
| November | 84% |
| December | 85% |
These figures indicate how Berlin’s climate varies with the seasons. The cold winter air combined with high humidity can result in a chilling dampness, while the summers are more moderate in terms of humidity.
For more detailed analysis, visit the climate and average weather year-round in Berlin. This provides a comprehensive look at the typical weather conditions.
Average Wind in Berlin, Germany
The average wind speed in Berlin shows variations throughout the year. The city experiences gentle to moderate winds.
In January, the average wind speed is around 12 mph. Winds are usually stronger in winter, with November being another windy month at 13 mph.
By contrast, the summer months bring calmer winds. July has an average wind speed of about 9 mph. This makes outdoor activities more pleasant during this time.
Here’s a quick overview of the average monthly wind speeds in Berlin:
| Month | Average Wind Speed (mph) |
|---|---|
| January | 12 |
| February | 12 |
| March | 11 |
| April | 10 |
| May | 9 |
| June | 9 |
| July | 9 |
| August | 9 |
| September | 10 |
| October | 11 |
| November | 13 |
| December | 12 |
Berlin’s wind is mainly from the west or southwest. This is typical of the winds in many parts of Europe.
Wind speeds can impact daily life, especially in winter months when winds are stronger and temperatures are lower. For those interested in more details on wind, visit articles.
Helmholtzstrasse in Berlin is known for its wind exposure. Activities like biking and walking can feel much different depending on the wind speed and direction.
Average Air Quality in Berlin, Germany
Berlin experiences varied air quality throughout the year. Factors such as humidity, precipitation, and traffic can influence air quality, especially in densely populated areas.
Monthly Air Quality Data
Here is a table showing average air quality metrics:
| Month | AQI (Air Quality Index) | PM2.5 (µg/m³) | PM10 (µg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 55 | 12 | 22 |
| February | 52 | 11 | 20 |
| March | 50 | 10 | 18 |
| April | 45 | 9 | 15 |
| May | 40 | 8 | 13 |
| June | 38 | 7 | 12 |
| July | 35 | 6 | 11 |
| August | 37 | 7 | 12 |
| September | 45 | 9 | 15 |
| October | 50 | 10 | 18 |
| November | 53 | 11 | 20 |
| December | 56 | 12 | 22 |
Influencing Factors
Urban heat island effect: Berlin, being a large city, often records higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas. This can lead to increased air pollution.
Pressure: Changes in atmospheric pressure can affect air quality, often trapping pollutants near the ground.
Precipitation: Rain can help clear particulates from the air, leading to better air quality during wetter months.
Traffic: High traffic areas typically show worse air quality due to emissions from vehicles.
Berlin’s air quality generally stays within a moderate range, but it’s important to monitor local air quality reports, especially if sensitive to pollutants.
More detailed climate and weather statistics for Berlin can be found at Average Weather Year Round in Berlin.
Topography of Berlin, Germany
Berlin is located at a latitude of 52 degrees north and a longitude of 13 degrees east.
The city sits in a flat plain that stretches across much of northeastern Germany.
Its elevation varies, but most parts of Berlin are about 115 feet above sea level.
One notable feature is the Havel River, which runs through the western parts of the city.
Berlin is also home to several lakes, the largest being the Müggelsee in the southeastern part.
The city’s topography includes many parks and green spaces, creating a varied urban landscape.
Another interesting aspect is the Berlin Glacial Valley, formed during the last ice age.
| Month | Average High (°F) | Average Low (°F) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 38 | 29 |
| July | 76 | 59 |
Berlin’s flat terrain makes it ideal for biking and walking.
The cityscape is punctuated by a few hills, such as the Kreuzberg, which rises to about 217 feet.
Teufelsberg, an artificial hill built from rubble after World War II, is one of the highest points in the city at about 394 feet.
These features provide scenic viewpoints, offering a break from the otherwise level geography of Berlin.
Extreme Weather Events that Occur in Berlin, Germany
Berlin experiences a range of extreme weather events throughout the year, including severe heat waves, heavy rainfalls, and periods of intense cold.
Heat Waves: Summers in Berlin can be quite hot, with temperatures occasionally rising above 100°F. Notably, the July 2019 heatwave saw extreme temperatures, highlighting the impacts of climate change.
Heavy Rainfall: Berlin can also experience heavy rainfalls leading to flooding. For example, the city witnessed severe flooding in July 2021 after record rainfall across parts of western Europe. This event caused significant damage and disruption.
Coldest Winters: Winters in Berlin can be extremely cold, reminiscent of conditions in Siberia. The city’s coldest months, December through February, often see temperatures dropping below 20°F.
Monthly Average Rainfall and Temperature Extremes
| Month | Average Rainfall (in) | Average High (°F) | Average Low (°F) |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1.6 | 36 | 28 |
| July | 2.7 | 77 | 59 |
Click here to read more about Germany floods in 2021.
Extreme weather events are becoming more common in Berlin due to climate change. Summer heat waves and intense rainfalls are some of the most prominent examples.
Best Time of the Year to Visit Berlin, Germany
Berlin enjoys distinct seasons, each providing a unique experience. The best time to visit depends on the activities you enjoy and your weather preferences.
What is Berlin, Germany Like in Spring
Spring in Berlin spans from March to May. During this period, temperatures range from 46°F to 66°F. The city comes alive with blooming flowers and green parks. Tourists can enjoy outdoor activities and exploration without the summer crowds. Evenings can be chilly, so packing a light jacket is advisable.
March:
- Average high: 48°F
- Average low: 34°F
- Rain: 1.3 inches
April:
- Average high: 58°F
- Average low: 41°F
- Rain: 1.2 inches
May:
- Average high: 66°F
- Average low: 48°F
- Rain: 2.0 inches
What is Berlin, Germany Like in Summer
Summer in Berlin is from June to August. Temperatures range from 57°F to 76°F, making it a popular time for tourists. The days are long, and the weather is warm. Cultural events, music festivals, and street fairs pop up throughout the city. Cafes and parks are bustling with people, making it the best time to experience Berlin’s vibrant street life.
June:
- Average high: 72°F
- Average low: 54°F
- Rain: 2.3 inches
July:
- Average high: 76°F
- Average low: 57°F
- Rain: 2.4 inches
August:
- Average high: 75°F
- Average low: 57°F
- Rain: 2.6 inches
What is Berlin, Germany Like in Fall
Fall in Berlin runs from September to November.
Temperatures begin to cool, ranging from 50°F to 67°F.
This season offers a beautiful display of autumn colors in the city’s parks while the weather remains pleasant for walking tours.
Cultural activities continue with harvest festivals and indoor events becoming more common as temperatures drop.
September:
- Average high: 67°F
- Average low: 52°F
- Rain: 1.6 inches
October:
- Average high: 56°F
- Average low: 44°F
- Rain: 1.7 inches
November:
- Average high: 45°F
- Average low: 36°F
- Rain: 2.1 inches
What is Berlin, Germany Like in Winter
Winter in Berlin stretches from December to February.
Temperatures can drop between 26°F and 39°F. The city sees a fair amount of snow.
It’s a quieter time with fewer tourists, making it a good time to visit museums and indoor attractions.
Winters are well-suited for enjoying traditional German Christmas markets and cozy cafes.
December:
- Average high: 39°F
- Average low: 31°F
- Snow: 1.5 inches
January:
- Average high: 36°F
- Average low: 26°F
- Snow: 1.7 inches
February:
- Average high: 39°F
- Average low: 28°F
- Snow: 1.3 inches