Eritrea, a country in the Horn of Africa, has been significantly affected by climate change.
Over the past 60 years, the temperature in Eritrea has risen by approximately 1.7°C, leading to substantial biodiversity losses and increased vulnerability among its communities. These changes have also resulted in sea level rise and coral bleaching, impacting both marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
Droughts and frequent drought-related crises have exacerbated the situation, causing displacement and making life even harder for many Eritrean families.
The escalating impacts of climate change extend beyond borders, affecting neighboring countries like Ethiopia, already prone to conflicts and environmental stress.
In response to these challenges, Eritrea launched its National Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Action in 2007 to mitigate these adverse effects.
Understanding the climatology of Eritrea is crucial for building a strong framework to manage future climate scenarios.
The historical climate data, observed from 1991-2020, offers valuable insights into seasonal cycles and spatial variations, which are key for planning and adaptation strategies.
Combining this data with real-time observations can help create a resilient foundation for Eritrea’s future.
How Has Climate Change Impacted Eritrea
Eritrea, located in the Horn of Africa, faces significant challenges due to climate change.
Over the past 60 years, the average temperature has increased by 1.7°C, affecting various aspects of life in the country.
Agriculture: The agricultural sector, which relies heavily on rain-fed agriculture, has been hit hard.
Changes in rainfall patterns have led to more frequent droughts, impacting crop production and food security.
Smallholder farmers, who form the backbone of the rural economy, are particularly affected.
Water Resources: Erratic precipitation and rising temperatures have strained water resources.
The availability of safe water for both domestic and agricultural use has declined, increasing the vulnerability of rural communities.
Health: The health sector has seen a rise in malnutrition and water-borne diseases.
As water sources dry up and sanitation conditions worsen, the incidence of diseases like cholera and acute malnutrition increases.
Biodiversity: Eritrea’s unique marine and terrestrial ecosystems are under threat.
Rising temperatures have led to coral bleaching in the Red Sea and loss of biodiversity.
Economy: Climate change impacts the economy by reducing GDP through losses in agriculture and fisheries.
As a coastal nation, Eritrea’s fishing industry also suffers from warming sea temperatures and depleted fish stocks.
Community Vulnerability: At-risk communities, especially those relying on rain-fed agriculture and livestock, face increased poverty.
Efforts in afforestation and sustainable water management are critical in mitigating these impacts.
Efforts to combat climate change include enhancing resilience through afforestation projects, improving irrigation practices, and implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
However, Eritrea remains among the most vulnerable countries due to its limited resources and ongoing development challenges.
How Is Eritrea Going To Be Impacted By Future Climate Change
Eritrea is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change.
Rising temperatures and increased climate variability pose significant risks to both its people and ecosystems.
Since the 1960s, Eritrea’s temperature has increased by approximately 1.7°C.
Extreme weather events like droughts and floods are becoming more common.
These changes threaten agricultural production, which many Eritreans rely on for their livelihoods.
Water scarcity could worsen, impacting both farming and daily life.
To build resilience, Eritrea is focusing on adaptation measures.
This includes improving water management and investing in climate-resilient crops.
They aim to protect communities from the worst impacts of climate change.
Mitigation efforts are also a priority.
Eritrea is exploring clean energy options like solar and wind power.
These renewable sources can reduce the country’s carbon footprint and support sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Partnerships with international organizations, such as the UNDP, are crucial.
These partnerships can provide the resources and expertise needed for effective climate action.
Eritrea’s voluntary national review at the high-level political forum on sustainable development shows their commitment to the Paris Agreement.
By prioritizing environmental progress, Eritrea aims to create a more carbon-neutral future.
They are working on mitigation measures that align with global efforts to limit global warming and achieve the SDGs.