Iran, a leading nation in the Middle East, faces a severe climate crisis.
By 2050, temperatures in the country could rise by 2.6 degrees Celsius. This alarming increase triggers a wide range of environmental issues.
Researchers highlight a significant decline of 35% in precipitation levels, which could exacerbate droughts and water scarcity.
The Iranian government’s approach to this issue has been questioned, especially under President Ebrahim Raisi.
While economic priorities often overshadow environmental concerns, the impacts of climate change continue to mount.
Urban migration due to drought and reduced agricultural production are already visible signs of the crisis.
Neighboring Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia and Turkey are also dealing with these challenges, but Iran’s situation is unique due to its significant greenhouse gas emissions.
Greater awareness and more robust actions are essential not just for Iran, but for global efforts to combat climate change.
How Has Climate Change Impacted Iran
Climate change has had a profound impact on Iran, influencing various climatic variables and contributing to significant environmental challenges.
Warming and Temperature:
Temperatures in Iran have risen noticeably, with some areas experiencing increases up to 2.6°C.
Higher air temperatures are particularly evident during the summer months, affecting both urban and rural areas.
Rainfall and Water Resources:
Precipitation patterns have altered, resulting in a 35% decline in rainfall.
This reduction in rainfall affects surface water supplies such as rivers and lakes, causing water shortages and exacerbating drought conditions. Groundwater levels are also depleting rapidly.
Extreme Events:
The frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heat waves, floods, and droughts are on the rise.
This is causing significant disruptions to agriculture, drinking water supplies, and other critical resources.
Agriculture and Food Security:
The agricultural sector is among the most affected. Rising temperatures and reduced soil moisture compromise crop yields.
Higher temperatures decrease the efficiency of crops, impacting food availability and economic stability in rural regions.
Regional Variations:
The impacts vary across different regions.
For instance, the Zagros mountain range and parts of Khuzestan face severe drought, while the northeast and northwest experience alterations in rainfall distribution. The arid Lut Desert is becoming even drier.
Urbanization and Transportation:
Rapid urbanization contributes to the creation of urban heat islands, particularly in large cities like Tehran.
Increased temperatures and air pollution from industrial emissions contribute to poor air quality and health issues for the growing population.
How Is Iran Going To Be Impacted By Future Climate Change
Future climate change will bring significant challenges to Iran. The IPCC has warned about rising temperatures and changing weather patterns.
Iran could see an increase in extreme heat, impacting both health and the economy.
Health is a major concern. Higher temperatures can lead to more cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. Infectious diseases may also spread more easily.
Noncommunicable diseases could see a rise, increasing the mortality rate.
Agriculture in Iran could suffer. Food security will be threatened by droughts and heat waves. Crop yields may decline, leading to higher food prices.
This can impact the nation’s economy and progress toward sustainable development.
Clean energy initiatives are essential. Iran’s adaptation and mitigation efforts must focus on renewable energy like wind and solar.
Wind energy can help reduce Iran’s reliance on fossil fuels and lower emissions.
Iran’s decision-making is influenced by international factors. The Paris Agreement highlights the need for global cooperation.
Iran has stated it will ratify the agreement if sanctions are lifted, emphasizing the role of the international community and finance in climate action.
At COP26 in Glasgow, Iran called for lifting sanctions to improve climate action. Greater financial support and technological transfer from developed nations can help Iran bolster its climate adaptation strategies.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides a platform for countries to discuss and advance their climate policies.
Iran’s active participation in UNFCCC meetings can foster better climate resilience.