Istanbul, Turkey – Climate and Average Weather Year Round: A Comprehensive Guide

Istanbul, Turkey boasts a diverse climate with varying weather conditions that attract tourists year-round. The city enjoys a mix of Mediterranean and humid subtropical climates, leading to mild and wet winters and hot, humid summers.

Visitors will find that the best time to experience Istanbul is in the spring or autumn months when temperatures are most pleasant.

During the colder months, specifically December through February, Istanbul experiences average highs between 47°F and 51°F and sees the least sunshine, ranging from 4.8 to 5.9 hours per day.

For those exploring historical sites or the bustling city markets, these months may provide a cooler and more comfortable sightseeing experience.

Those planning to visit in summer should be prepared for higher temperatures, where highs can reach up to 86°F.

Notably, Istanbul receives varying rainfall throughout the year, averaging about 2 inches per month.

For more detailed monthly weather conditions, you can refer to Weather and climate in Istanbul.

Average Temperature in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul experiences a temperate climate with mild and moderate temperatures most of the year.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Warmest and Coldest Months

The warmest month in Istanbul is usually August, with an average high temperature of 84°F. The coldest month is generally January, with average low temperatures around 38°F.

Night and Daily Mean Temperatures

Night temperatures in the city can drop to 26°F on the coldest nights in January. The daily mean temperature throughout the year is around 60°F.

Record High and Low Temperatures

The highest recorded temperature in Istanbul is 105°F, while the lowest recorded temperature is around 3°F. These extremes are quite rare compared to the usual moderate range.

Istanbul’s yearly temperature average hovers around 62.5°F.

Average Precipitation in Istanbul, Turkey

Throughout the year, Istanbul experiences varied precipitation, with distinct seasons for both rain and snow. Understanding these patterns can help residents and tourists plan accordingly.

Average Rainfall in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul receives significant rainfall throughout the year.

The wettest month is generally December, with average precipitation reaching around 4.33 inches. Conversely, the driest month is July, averaging only 1.06 inches.

On average, Istanbul experiences about 120.2 rainy days each year, making rain a frequent visitor.

Rainfall is more common in the cooler months, which can lead to a wet winter.

Average Snow in Istanbul, Turkey

Snowfall in Istanbul is less frequent than rain but still notable during winter months.

The city can experience snow from December through February, with January typically being the snowiest month.

Snowfall averages around 2-3 days per month in winter, typically accumulating to around 3 inches in major snowfalls.

Despite this, the snow does not usually stay on the ground long due to the city’s relatively mild winter temperatures.

Winter visitors should prepare for both snowy and rainy conditions, though snow does not dominate the entire season.

The beautiful snowy landscapes can be a wonderful sight, despite the brief periods they last.

Average Sun in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul enjoys varying amounts of sunshine throughout the year. The sunniest months are usually in summer, while winter sees fewer sunshine hours.

Average Daily Shortwave Solar Energy in Istanbul, Turkey

The average daily shortwave solar energy in Istanbul varies significantly over the course of a year. This energy is the amount of sunlight hitting the ground each day.

The highest average daily shortwave solar energy is in July, at around 6.4 kWh/m². January and December have the least, with approximately 1.9 and 1.7 kWh/m², respectively.

Sunshine hours typically range from around 5 hours per day in winter to up to 12 hours per day in summer.

Longer sunshine hours are common from June to August.

Average Humidity in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul experiences varied humidity levels throughout the year. The city’s humidity is influenced by its proximity to the sea.

Monthly Average Humidity

The table below shows the average relative humidity for each month in Istanbul:

Istanbul’s humidity levels are relatively high in the winter months.

Winter Humidity

In the winter, from December to February, the average relative humidity hovers around 80%. This makes the air feel colder.

Summer Humidity

During the summer months of June, July, and August, the humidity decreases slightly, averaging around 73%. Though still high, the sea breeze can provide some relief.

Between seasons, Istanbul experiences moderate humidity. For instance, in spring and fall, the relative humidity ranges from 75% to 77%.

Average Wind in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul experiences moderate to strong winds throughout the year.

These winds are generally caused by the near-constant north-northeasterly airflow over the city.

Monthly Average Wind Speed

Wind speeds in Istanbul can vary depending on the time of year. During the winter months, wind speeds are generally higher, reaching up to 15 mph. Meanwhile, summer months see slightly calmer winds averaging around 10-12 mph.

In summer, the etesian winds, known for their north-northeasterly direction, play a significant role in the city’s average wind speed. These winds contribute to the moderate climate, with speeds averaging around 12-14 mph.

Wind direction also influences local weather patterns. The constant north-northeasterly wind tends to keep the temperatures moderate, avoiding extreme highs and lows.

For those interested in more detailed wind information, you can refer to specific articles on wind. This repository of info can provide further insights into wind patterns and speeds.

Istanbul’s location and unique geographical features make it susceptible to higher wind speeds compared to other cities not situated near coastlines.

Average Air Quality in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul’s air quality varies throughout the year.

PM2.5 Levels
In 2019, PM2.5 levels in Istanbul averaged 19.7 μg/m³, which is considered moderate. This means that PM2.5 readings typically fall between 12.1 and 35.4 μg/m³.

Historical Data
Tracking air quality helps residents make informed decisions. For example:

Forecast
Istanbul’s air quality index (AQI) can fluctuate. Keeping track of these changes ensures better planning for outdoor activities. For real-time data, visit the Istanbul Air Quality Index (AQI) and Turkey Air Pollution.

Health Implications
Moderate AQI means sensitive groups may experience minor to moderate symptoms.

Additional Information

• Visibility: Generally clear but can reduce during high pollution days.
• Cloud Cover: Can impact PM2.5 levels, with denser cloud cover sometimes trapping more pollutants.
• UV Index: Typically high in summer, so precautions are advised for outdoor exposure.

For comprehensive details, including weather parameters like temperature and air pollution, check local air quality monitoring resources.

Topography of Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul is known for its varied topography. It spans the Bosphorus Strait and connects Europe and Asia. The city sits alongside the Sea of Marmara, providing a rich coastal landscape.

The elevations in Istanbul are diverse. In the northern district of Sarıyer, the terrain is more elevated. Istanbul’s average elevation is around 131 feet. This varied elevation contributes to microclimates within the city.

The city’s topography includes hills that offer stunning views of the Bosphorus. The city’s highest point is Çamlıca Hill on the Asian side, which reaches an elevation of 945 feet.

In terms of climate classification, Istanbul is on the warmer end of the temperate zone. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Istanbul has a Csa climate, known as a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

Elevation and Key Points:

• Average elevation: 131 feet
• Highest point: Çamlıca Hill (945 feet)
• Bosphorus Strait divides the city
• Rich coastal areas along the Sea of Marmara

This unique topography plays a significant role in Istanbul’s weather patterns and overall climate, offering diverse experiences in different parts of the city.

Extreme Weather Events that Occur in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul experiences various extreme weather events throughout the year. These events can impact daily life significantly.

Heavy Snow

Heavy snow can occur in Istanbul, particularly in January and February. The city can receive several inches of snow, causing disruptions in transportation.

Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms are another common weather event. They tend to happen in the summer months, especially in July and August. These storms can bring heavy rain and winds.

Hail

Hail is less frequent but still a concern. When it does happen, it can cause damage to vehicles and properties.

Fog

Fog often appears during the winter months, reducing visibility and causing traffic issues. It’s more common in the early morning and late evening.

Frost

Frost can occur in Istanbul during the colder months. Although not as severe as in other regions, frost can still affect plants and agriculture.

Extreme Winds

Extreme winds are also notable. In November 2021, four people lost their lives due to high winds in Istanbul.

Istanbul’s location between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara adds to the complexity of its weather patterns, making it essential for residents and visitors to stay informed about these extreme weather events.

Best Time of the Year to Visit Istanbul, Turkey

The best time to visit Istanbul depends largely on the weather and crowd levels. Seasons in Istanbul offer a variety of experiences, from mild springs to hot summers.

What Is Istanbul, Turkey Like in Spring

Spring in Istanbul, from March to May, is characterized by mild temperatures and blooming flowers. March sees average highs around 55°F, while April warms up to 64°F, and May reaches up to 73°F. Rain is typical early in the season, but by May, clear skies are common.

Spring Weather by Month:

During this season, tourist attractions are less crowded, making it a perfect time for sightseeing. Tulip season in April is particularly bright and colorful.

What Is Istanbul, Turkey Like in Summer

From June to August, Istanbul experiences hot and humid weather. June averages 81°F, July sees highs around 86°F, and August can reach up to 88°F. Despite the heat, high humidity levels make it feel warmer.

Summer Weather by Month:

Summer is peak tourist season, with long lines at major attractions. Many residents leave for vacations, leading to crowded hotspots but a lively atmosphere.

What Is Istanbul, Turkey Like in Fall

Fall, from September to November, offers cooler, pleasant weather. September has highs around 79°F, October averages 68°F, and November cools down to 57°F. As the season progresses, rain becomes more common, especially in November.

Fall Weather by Month:

What Is Istanbul, Turkey Like in Winter

Winter in Istanbul, from December to February, is the coldest season.

December sees highs of 50°F, January averages 46°F, and February warms up slightly to 50°F. Snow is not uncommon, with January being the snowiest month.

Winter Weather by Month:

Winter is the least crowded time, offering the lowest prices for accommodations.

While the weather is colder, it provides a unique charm and peaceful vibe.