Johannesburg, located in the heart of Gauteng province in South Africa, offers a unique climate that reflects its position in the Southern Hemisphere.
The city experiences warm and humid summers, with average highs reaching 78°F in January.
This warm season extends from late September through mid-March, making it a pleasant escape from colder regions.
During the winter months from May to August, Johannesburg sees cooler temperatures, with daily highs typically below 65°F.
This period is characterized by clear skies and mild weather, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities.
Rainfall is generally higher in the summer, contributing to the lush green landscapes that surround the city.
Johannesburg’s weather conditions are closely monitored at O.R. Tambo International Airport, providing detailed annual weather averages to help residents and visitors plan their activities.
The city’s climate graphs and data reveal a well-balanced year-round climate, offering something for everyone, no matter the season.
Average Temperature in Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg experiences a range of temperatures throughout the year.
The warm season lasts from late September to mid-March. During this period, the average high temperature is above 75°F. January is the hottest month, with average highs of 78°F and lows of 59°F.
In the cool season, from late May to early August, average temperatures drop. The average high is below 65°F.
June is the coldest month, with average highs of 61°F and lows of 37°F.
Monthly Average Temperatures
| Month | High (°F) | Low (°F) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 78 | 59 |
| February | 77 | 58 |
| March | 76 | 56 |
| April | 72 | 48 |
| May | 67 | 41 |
| June | 61 | 37 |
| July | 61 | 36 |
| August | 64 | 40 |
| September | 71 | 46 |
| October | 74 | 51 |
| November | 76 | 54 |
| December | 77 | 57 |
During the year, temperatures can vary significantly between day and night. This large difference means that daytime highs and nighttime lows can feel quite different.
Overall, Johannesburg’s year-round temperature profile is mild. The city’s elevation contributes to this moderate climate despite its geographical location.
Remember, climatic conditions can slightly vary depending on the specific area within the city.
Average Precipitation in Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg experiences varied rainfall throughout the year, with notable wet and dry seasons. The city has no significant snowfall.
Average Rainfall in Johannesburg, South Africa
Rainfall in Johannesburg is highest during the summer months. From September to March, the city experiences the most rain, with January being the wettest month. January sees about 4.7 inches (120 mm) of rain.
The driest month is June, where precipitation averages around 0.4 inches (10 mm). Rainy days range from 15 days in January to just 3 days in June.
Rainfall reduces significantly during winter months, from May to August.
| Month | Rainfall (inches) | Rainfall (mm) | Rainy Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 4.7 | 120 | 15 |
| February | 4.1 | 105 | 14 |
| March | 3.7 | 95 | 13 |
| April | 1.8 | 45 | 10 |
| May | 0.6 | 15 | 6 |
| June | 0.4 | 10 | 3 |
| July | 0.5 | 13 | 4 |
| August | 0.6 | 15 | 4 |
| September | 1.2 | 30 | 6 |
| October | 2.7 | 70 | 10 |
| November | 3.9 | 100 | 13 |
| December | 4.5 | 115 | 14 |
Average Snow in Johannesburg, South Africa
Snow is extremely rare in Johannesburg. The city’s climate does not support regular snow events due to its relatively mild winters and higher temperatures. When snow does occur, it is light and infrequent.
Occasional snowfalls have been recorded, but they are exceptional events rather than regular occurrences. For the most part, Johannesburg remains free of snow and ice, with no reliable monthly data for average snowfall in inches.
Average Sun in Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg receives a considerable amount of sunlight throughout the year. The city experiences varying levels of daylight and sunshine hours, impacting daily activities and overall climate conditions.
Average Daily Shortwave Solar Energy in Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg enjoys plenty of sunshine, with the sun’s energy varying by month. The table below shows the average daily shortwave solar energy in kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m²).
| Month | Shortwave Solar Energy (kWh/m²) |
|---|---|
| January | 6.5 |
| February | 6.0 |
| March | 5.9 |
| April | 5.4 |
| May | 4.9 |
| June | 4.6 |
| July | 4.8 |
| August | 5.4 |
| September | 5.9 |
| October | 6.3 |
| November | 6.6 |
| December | 6.4 |
The summer months, from November to February, see the highest levels of solar energy. This is due to increased daylight hours and fewer clouds.
Winter months, from June to August, receive less solar energy. The days are shorter, and sunlight is less intense.
Average Humidity in Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg experiences varied humidity levels throughout the year. The average relative humidity is generally moderate.
In summer, from November to March, relative humidity tends to be higher. The warmer temperatures contribute to increased moisture in the air during these months.
In winter, from June to August, the humidity levels drop. The cooler air holds less moisture, resulting in lower relative humidity.
Average Monthly Humidity
| Month | Average Relative Humidity (%) |
|---|---|
| January | 77 |
| February | 77 |
| March | 75 |
| April | 67 |
| May | 61 |
| June | 57 |
| July | 55 |
| August | 52 |
| September | 55 |
| October | 61 |
| November | 69 |
| December | 74 |
Dew Point: The dew point in Johannesburg also varies. In the warm months, higher temperatures cause higher dew points, indicating more moisture in the air.
In the cooler months, lower dew points are common.
Average Wind in Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg experiences modest wind throughout the year. Wind speeds vary by month and can influence daily weather.
In general, the wind speed ranges from 5 to 12 mph.
| Month | Average Wind Speed (mph) |
|---|---|
| January | 7 |
| February | 8 |
| March | 8 |
| April | 8 |
| May | 8 |
| June | 9 |
| July | 10 |
| August | 11 |
| September | 10 |
| October | 9 |
| November | 8 |
| December | 8 |
Windiest Month: August is typically the windiest month with speeds reaching up to 11 mph.
Average Air Quality in Johannesburg, South Africa
Monthly Air Quality Levels
| Month | PM2.5 Level (µg/m³) | Air Quality Index (AQI) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 25.0 | Moderate |
| February | 22.5 | Moderate |
| March | 24.0 | Moderate |
| April | 21.5 | Moderate |
| May | 27.0 | Moderate |
| June | 38.0 | Unhealthy |
| July | 40.0 | Unhealthy |
| August | 28.5 | Moderate |
| September | 23.0 | Moderate |
| October | 26.0 | Moderate |
| November | 24.5 | Moderate |
| December | 22.0 | Moderate |
Key Observations
- Winter: June and July show higher pollution levels. The PM2.5 readings in these months can range from 35.5 to 55.4 µg/m³. This indicates poorer air quality.
- UV Index: The UV Index in Johannesburg is usually high, posing some risks without adequate protection.
Weather Impact
- Pressure: Atmospheric pressure influences visibility and air quality. Lower pressure often correlates with higher pollution levels.
- Cloud Cover: Low cloud cover can worsen the air quality by trapping pollutants close to the ground.
Air Quality Recommendations
- Those sensitive to pollution should limit outdoor activities during the winter months.
- Use air purifiers indoors to maintain healthier air quality.
- Monitor daily air quality updates, especially if you have respiratory conditions.
More details can be found on Johannesburg’s air quality.
Topography of Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg is the largest city in South Africa and is located in the Gauteng province. Its geographical coordinates are approximately 26.2041° S latitude and 28.0473° E longitude.
The city is situated on the highland region called the Highveld, which is a plateau in South Africa.
Johannesburg’s elevation is about 5,558 feet (1,697 meters) above sea level. This high altitude gives the city a unique climate compared to other regions.
Elevation by Area
| Area | Elevation (Feet) | Elevation (Meters) |
|---|---|---|
| Downtown Johannesburg | 5,558 | 1,697 |
| Northcliff Ridge | 5,968 | 1,819 |
| Soweto | 5,348 | 1,630 |
Due to its position on the Highveld, Johannesburg experiences significant variation in climate. The elevation contributes to cooler temperatures, especially in winter.
Daylight Hours
Johannesburg does not observe daylight saving time.
| Month | Shortest Day (Hours) | Longest Day (Hours) |
|---|---|---|
| June | 10.3 | – |
| December | – | 13.7 |
The shortest day occurs around June 21st and the longest day around December 21st.
The terrain in Johannesburg is varied, with several ridges and hills, such as the prominent Northcliff Ridge providing scenic views of the city. The mixture of urban and natural landscapes adds to its geographical appeal.
Explore more about Johannesburg’s topography by viewing topographic maps.
Extreme Weather Events that Occur in Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg, situated in a temperate highland tropical climate, experiences a variety of extreme weather events. The city lies in a subtropical highland climate (Cwb), identified by its dry season in winter and wet season in summer.
Heavy Rainfall and Flooding
During the summer months (November to March), Johannesburg can experience intense rainfall and thunderstorms. These downpours can lead to flash floods, especially in low-lying areas.
| Month | Average Rainfall (Inches) |
|---|---|
| November | 3.3 |
| December | 4.2 |
| January | 4.9 |
| February | 4.2 |
| March | 3.5 |
Drought and Dry Winters
Contrasting the wet summers, Johannesburg has dry winters with very few rainy days. This dry season typically runs from May to September and can lead to drought conditions.
| Month | Average Rainfall (Inches) |
|---|---|
| May | 0.2 |
| June | 0.1 |
| July | 0.0 |
| August | 0.1 |
| September | 0.4 |
Heat Waves
Heatwaves can also occur, particularly towards the end of summer. Johannesburg can see temperatures soar above 90°F during these periods, posing health risks and increasing wildfires.
Hailstorms
Hailstorms are another form of extreme weather common in Johannesburg, often occurring during the summer thunderstorms. Hailstones can cause damage to crops, vehicles, and property.
Frost
In winter, frost is common, especially in the early mornings. Temperatures can drop below freezing, affecting agriculture and daily activities.
Best Time of the Year to Visit Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg has a distinct weather pattern that makes certain times of the year more favorable for visitors. The climate varies from warm to cold, with significant changes in activity and attractions throughout the year.
What is Johannesburg, South Africa Like in Spring
Spring in Johannesburg spans from September to November. This season brings moderate temperatures, ranging between 54°F and 77°F.
It’s a great time to visit as the weather is quite pleasant, making it enjoyable for outdoor activities and sightseeing. Spring also marks the beginning of the city’s rainfall, leading to greener landscapes.
The mild weather during spring contributes to smaller crowds and slightly lower travel costs. September and October are particularly favorable months, as they avoid the peak tourist rush of summer while still offering good weather.
What is Johannesburg, South Africa Like in Summer
Summer in Johannesburg, from December to February, is characterized by warm temperatures and higher humidity. The average temperatures range from 63°F to 82°F.
This is also the rainy season, with frequent afternoon thunderstorms that can be intense but short-lived.
Despite the rains, summer is popular with tourists, resulting in larger crowds and higher prices.
The city’s lush green parks and vibrant atmosphere during the summer months appeal to many visitors. It’s essential to pack light, breathable clothing and an umbrella for sudden showers.
What is Johannesburg, South Africa Like in Fall
Fall, from March to May, offers mild and dry weather, with temperatures ranging from 55°F to 77°F.
This season is ideal for exploring the city and nearby attractions without the hustle of summer crowds.
March and April are particularly desirable as they provide moderate temperatures and clear skies. Outdoor activities, such as visiting game reserves, are favored during this time due to the reduced risk of rain. This period also sees a drop in travel costs, making it budget-friendly.
What is Johannesburg, South Africa Like in Winter
Winter in Johannesburg, from June to August, features cooler temperatures, with averages between 41°F and 64°F. July is the coldest month, with temperatures sometimes dipping to freezing at night.
Despite the cold, the days are typically sunny and dry.
This season is the least crowded, providing a quieter travel experience. It’s also the best time for game viewing, as the vegetation is less dense and animals are more visible.
Budget travelers find winter appealing due to lower accommodation rates and fewer tourists.
| Month | Average High (°F) | Average Low (°F) | Rainfall (Inches) |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 78 | 59 | 4.5 |
| February | 77 | 59 | 4.0 |
| March | 75 | 56 | 3.4 |
| April | 71 | 51 | 1.8 |
| May | 67 | 45 | 0.7 |
| June | 64 | 40 | 0.3 |
| July | 63 | 40 | 0.2 |
| August | 67 | 44 | 0.5 |
| September | 72 | 49 | 1.3 |
| October | 74 | 53 | 2.7 |
| November | 75 | 55 | 3.8 |
| December | 77 | 58 | 4.5 |
Johannesburg offers a diverse climate, varying from warm summers with rains to cool, dry winters. The best time to visit depends on personal preferences and planned activities.