Mumbai, known as Bombay in its earlier days, experiences a tropical wet and dry climate classified under the Köppen system.
The city is hot year-round, with temperatures averaging between 82°F (27.7°C).
The hottest period extends from early March to June, peaking with temperatures often reaching around 90°F (32°C).
Rain dominates the landscape from June to September, driven by the southwest monsoon.
During this time, Mumbai experiences heavy rainfall, making it ever so important to carry an umbrella.
The city receives an impressive average annual rainfall of about 87 inches in South Mumbai.
December and January bring slightly cooler and drier weather, making this period ideal for visiting.
The pleasant weather, combined with the city’s vibrant life, attracts travelers looking to explore without the discomfort of heat and humidity.
For more detailed monthly climate information, visit Mumbai’s Climate by Month.
Average Temperature in Mumbai, India
The climate in Mumbai is tropical, featuring significant changes throughout the year.
Monthly Average Temperatures:
| Month | Avg Day Temp (°F) | Avg Night Temp (°F) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 82 | 68 |
| February | 84 | 70 |
| March | 88 | 74 |
| April | 90 | 77 |
| May | 91 | 80 |
| June | 86 | 77 |
| July | 84 | 74 |
| August | 84 | 74 |
| September | 86 | 75 |
| October | 88 | 76 |
| November | 86 | 74 |
| December | 82 | 69 |
Mumbai experiences the highest temperatures from March to June.
May is typically the hottest month, with daytime averages around 91°F and night temperatures near 80°F.
During the monsoon season from June to September, temperatures slightly drop compared to pre-monsoon months.
For instance, in July, the average day temperature is around 84°F, and night temperatures are about 74°F.
In contrast, January is the coldest month, with an average day temperature of 82°F and night temperatures around 68°F.
Even in the coldest month, Mumbai maintains warm temperatures throughout the day and night.
Overall, the tropical climate ensures that temperatures stay relatively warm year-round.
The combination of warm temperatures and high humidity, however, makes the weather feel hotter, especially in late spring and early summer.
Average Precipitation in Mumbai, India
Mumbai experiences a tropical climate with significant differences in rainfall between seasons. The city has a clear wet season due to the south-west monsoon and almost no snowfall year-round.
Average Rainfall in Mumbai, India
Mumbai’s wet season is from June to September. During these months, the city experiences heavy rains. The monsoon brings almost all of the annual rainfall.
| Month | Rainfall (Inches) |
|---|---|
| January | 0.1 |
| February | 0.1 |
| March | 0.2 |
| April | 0.1 |
| May | 0.6 |
| June | 19.9 |
| July | 32 |
| August | 22.2 |
| September | 12.6 |
| October | 3.2 |
| November | 0.5 |
| December | 0.2 |
July is the wettest month, receiving around 32 inches of rain.
June marks the beginning of the monsoon with 19.9 inches of rain.
The driest month is January with only 0.1 inches.
Rainy days are frequent during the monsoon, which can lead to flooding in certain areas.
Average Snow in Mumbai, India
Snow is non-existent in Mumbai. The city’s warm, tropical climate does not support snowfall. Throughout the year, temperatures remain too high for any snow to form.
Mumbai sees consistent warmth, with temperatures rarely dipping below 60°F, ensuring no chances of snow.
Even in the cooler months like December, temperatures stay around 79°F. Due to this, residents and visitors will never experience snowy conditions in this part of India.
Average Sun in Mumbai, India
Mumbai experiences significant sunshine throughout the year with varying daylight hours and UV index levels. The amount of sunlight affects daily activities and energy usage.
Average Daily Shortwave Solar Energy in Mumbai, India
Mumbai’s average daily shortwave solar energy changes each month, impacting solar power generation and UV exposure.
In January, Mumbai receives an average of 5.7 kWh/m² of solar energy per day.
By May, this increases to 6.4 kWh/m².
Throughout the monsoon season from June to September, solar energy drops to around 3.6-4.2 kWh/m² due to cloud cover and frequent rain.
Monthly Solar Energy (kWh/m²):
| Month | Solar Energy (kWh/m²) |
|---|---|
| January | 5.7 |
| May | 6.4 |
| June | 4.0 |
| September | 3.8 |
The UV index is also higher from March to June, reaching up to 10, indicating stronger sun exposure and a higher need for sun protection.
On average, Mumbai enjoys about 8-9 hours of sunshine per day during the dry months and fewer hours during the wet season.
Average Humidity in Mumbai, India
Mumbai experiences varying levels of humidity throughout the year. The average annual percentage of humidity is 71%.
Monthly Humidity Levels
| Month | Average Humidity (%) |
|---|---|
| January | 62 |
| February | 64 |
| March | 66 |
| April | 68 |
| May | 72 |
| June | 81 |
| July | 86 |
| August | 85 |
| September | 83 |
| October | 76 |
| November | 69 |
| December | 64 |
Details
The highest humidity is typically in July at 86%. This coincides with the monsoon season where rainfall is heavy, leading to a higher moisture content in the air.
The lowest humidity is observed in January at 62%. This marks the cooler and drier period of the year.
Humidity in Mumbai is significantly influenced by the monsoon season which lasts from June to September.
During these months, the city experiences heavy rainfall, making the air very moist.
Additional Data
Mumbai’s climate also shows distinct changes in the dew point.
During the most humid month of July, the dew point is higher, indicating a larger amount of moisture in the air.
Conversely, in the least humid month of January, the dew point is lower.
To explore more about Mumbai’s humidity and weather patterns, you can visit World Weather & Climate Information.
Average Wind in Mumbai, India
Mumbai experiences varying wind speeds throughout the year. Wind speeds are generally moderate, with some months being windier than others.
The table below shows the average wind speed by month in Mumbai:
| Month | Average Wind Speed (mph) |
|---|---|
| January | 5.2 |
| February | 5.4 |
| March | 5.6 |
| April | 5.8 |
| May | 6.0 |
| June | 9.5 |
| July | 10.7 |
| August | 9.2 |
| September | 7.4 |
| October | 5.9 |
| November | 5.3 |
| December | 5.0 |
In June, the winds start to pick up due to the onset of the southwest monsoon.
July is the windiest month, with average speeds reaching around 10.7 mph.
During the rainy season, which runs from June to September, winds are typically stronger.
This is due to monsoon activity which brings frequent rain and stronger winds.
In contrast, the months from January to May see calmer conditions.
The wind speed is lower, averaging around 5 to 6 mph, which makes the weather feel relatively still and warm.
Average Air Quality in Mumbai, India
Mumbai faces challenges with air quality throughout the year.
The level of PM2.5, a common air pollutant, often exceeds the World Health Organization’s recommended limits. For example, in 2019, the PM2.5 concentration was five times the recommended level.
Real-time data in August 2024 shows a PM2.5 level of 19 µg/m³, which is 1.2 times higher than WHO guidelines.
Here is a snapshot of the air quality index (AQI) and weather conditions for different months:
| Month | AQI | Temperature (°F) | Humidity (%) | Pressure (inHg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 67 | 77.0 | 70 | 29.5 |
| February | 70 | 78.4 | 65 | 29.5 |
| June | 61 | 84.2 | 82.4 | 29.5 |
| August | 47 | 79.0 | 75 | 29.5 |
Mumbai’s air quality is better during the monsoon season, when rain helps clear pollutants from the air.
Historical data on air pollution reveals that the city has consistently struggled with high levels of PM2.5. This impacts both health and the economy, with estimates indicating significant health costs and loss of life due to air pollution.
Topography of Mumbai, India
Mumbai is located on the western coast of India, bordered by the Arabian Sea. This geographical setting gives it unique features.
The city’s topography is a mix of low-lying coastal areas and hilly regions.
Much of central Mumbai is relatively flat, while southern areas like Colaba offer more undulated terrain.
Santacruz, situated in the western part of the city, is known for its varied landform with a mix of residential areas and commercial hubs.
The city is built on a series of islands, which were merged over time through land reclamation projects.
Key Topographical Features:
- Coastline: Stretches along the Arabian Sea, providing beaches and coastal landscapes.
- Hills: Northern Mumbai has several hills, such as Malabar Hill.
- Rivers: The Mithi River is one of the prominent rivers flowing through the city.
- Land Reclamation: Significant parts of Mumbai are developed on reclaimed land.
Elevation:
- Average elevation is around 46 feet above sea level.
- Hilly regions can reach up to 150 feet in certain areas.
Mumbai’s diverse topography influences its climate, urban planning, and infrastructure development.
The combination of hilly terrain and coastal areas makes it prone to flooding, especially during the monsoon season.
Monthly Rainfall:
| Month | Rainfall (inches) |
|---|---|
| June | 23.7 |
| July | 28.7 |
| August | 24.7 |
These features make Mumbai a unique city with a varied landscape influenced by its coastal location and historical land reclamation projects.
Extreme Weather Events that Occur in Mumbai, India
Mumbai, India, experiences a range of extreme weather events due to its coastal location and tropical climate.
Monsoon
The monsoon season in Mumbai typically lasts from June to September.
During this period, the city receives heavy rainfall, often leading to flooding.
Rainfall can average over 32 inches in some months, making it one of the wettest periods of the year.
| Month | Rainfall (inches) |
|---|---|
| June | 19-32 |
| July | 28-37 |
| August | 22-28 |
| September | 12-20 |
Cyclones
Although less frequent, cyclones can affect Mumbai, especially during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods.
Cyclones bring strong winds, heavy rains, and high waves, which can cause significant damage to infrastructure and disrupt daily life.
Heat Waves
Mumbai is also susceptible to extreme heat, particularly before the arrival of the monsoon.
Temperatures can soar to over 100°F, leading to heatwaves that pose health risks, especially to vulnerable populations.
Impact on the City
These extreme weather events strain Mumbai’s infrastructure and have substantial economic and social impacts.
The frequent flooding during the monsoon disrupts transportation, causes property damage, and can lead to waterborne diseases.
Cyclones, though rarer, pose a severe threat when they occur. Heatwaves can increase power consumption due to higher reliance on air conditioning and can exacerbate health issues.
Best Time of the Year to Visit Mumbai, India
Mumbai experiences a tropical climate with distinct seasons. The city sees hot and humid summers, a monsoon season with heavy rains, and mild winters.
What is Mumbai, India Like in Spring
Spring in Mumbai spans from March to May. During this time, temperatures begin to rise, and the weather becomes quite warm.
Average daytime temperatures range from 80°F to 90°F, peaking up to 95°F in May.
Although it’s hot, the humidity levels are still manageable, making it bearable for visitors.
This period is before the monsoon season, so rainfall is minimal, providing clear skies for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
March and April are popular months for tourists as the weather remains relatively stable.
Rates for hotels and accommodations are higher during this peak travel season, so booking in advance is advisable.
If you visit Mumbai in spring, you can enjoy the city’s vibrant festivals, such as Holi, which is celebrated with great enthusiasm.
What is Mumbai, India Like in Summer
Summer in Mumbai, from June to August, is marked by the monsoon season.
The southwest monsoon brings heavy rainfall, high humidity, and overcast skies.
Temperatures range between 75°F and 85°F.
The rain can be intense and continuous, often causing waterlogging and occasional flooding in parts of the city.
The monsoon season brings a refreshing break from the summer heat but can disrupt travel plans.
Many tourists avoid visiting during this time due to the unpredictable weather.
Those who do visit can enjoy the lush greenery and fewer crowds at popular attractions.
Despite the challenges, some visitors appreciate the unique, rainy charm of Mumbai.
| Month | Average High | Average Low | Rainfall |
|---|---|---|---|
| June | 82°F | 75°F | 12 inches |
| July | 84°F | 77°F | 24 inches |
| August | 85°F | 77°F | 20 inches |
What is Mumbai, India Like in Fall
Fall in Mumbai lasts from September to November.
The monsoon season starts to taper off, and the weather becomes more pleasant.
Temperatures range from 75°F to 88°F.
Despite the lingering humidity, the overall atmosphere feels fresher and less oppressive compared to the summer months.
September still sees some rainfall, but by October, the city enjoys clear skies and comfortable temperatures.
This is an ideal time to visit as the roads are less congested, and the risk of waterlogging is significantly reduced.
Visitors during fall can participate in cultural festivals like Diwali, which adds to the charm of the city.
Hotel rates may still be lower compared to the peak winter season, making fall an attractive option for budget travelers.
What is Mumbai, India Like in Winter
Winter in Mumbai is from December to February. This season is characterized by mild and pleasant weather.
Daytime temperatures range from 68°F to 82°F, making it the most comfortable time for outdoor activities and sightseeing.
Nights can be cooler, typically around 60°F to 68°F.
Humidity levels are lower in winter, and rainfall is virtually nonexistent.
This is the peak tourist season, so expect higher hotel and travel prices.
Winter is also when Mumbai hosts several cultural and social events, attracting both locals and visitors.
The cool, breezy evenings are perfect for exploring the city’s vibrant nightlife or enjoying a leisurely stroll along Marine Drive.
Whether it’s shopping, dining, or visiting landmarks, winter offers an ideal climate for experiencing all that Mumbai has to offer.