Rotterdam, a bustling city in the Netherlands, experiences diverse weather conditions throughout the year, appealing to various tastes.
The warmest month in Rotterdam is July, with temperatures reaching an average high of 71°F. This makes summer an inviting time for outdoor activities and canal tours.
In contrast, the coldest month is January, with average lows of 34°F. This cooler period extends from November 19 to March 11, offering a crisp, chilly atmosphere that’s perfect for winter festivities.
Rainfall is common, with April being the month with the least precipitation, typically collecting about 0.35 inches. You can explore the detailed climate trends of Rotterdam here, ensuring you’re well-prepared for your visit, no matter the season.
Average Temperature in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam experiences a range of temperatures throughout the year.
The hottest month is July, with a high temperature of 71°F. In comparison, January is the coldest month, with a low temperature averaging 34°F.
The daily high temperature in the warmest month usually peaks at 71°F, while in the coldest months, it can drop to around 43°F.
Here’s a table that highlights the average temperatures by month:
| Month | Avg. High (°F) | Avg. Low (°F) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 43 | 34 |
| February | 44 | 34 |
| March | 50 | 38 |
| April | 56 | 42 |
| May | 64 | 48 |
| June | 68 | 54 |
| July | 71 | 56 |
| August | 71 | 56 |
| September | 65 | 52 |
| October | 57 | 46 |
| November | 50 | 40 |
| December | 44 | 36 |
Daily temperatures typically fluctuate year-round. The coldest nights, especially in January, may see temperatures drop to around 20°F.
The climate in Rotterdam is moderately influenced by its proximity to the coast, which moderates these extremes.
Average Precipitation in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam experiences significant rainfall year-round, with even the driest month seeing substantial precipitation. Snowfall occurs during the colder months but is generally less frequent.
Average Rainfall in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rainfall in Rotterdam is spread throughout the year. The city sees an annual precipitation of around 32.9 inches.
| Month | Inches of Rain |
|---|---|
| January | 2.8 |
| February | 2.0 |
| March | 2.3 |
| April | 1.8 |
| May | 2.3 |
| June | 2.5 |
| July | 3.3 |
| August | 3.1 |
| September | 2.8 |
| October | 3.2 |
| November | 3.1 |
| December | 3.7 |
The wettest month is typically December with 3.7 inches of rain, while April is usually the driest month with 1.8 inches.
Rainy days are frequent, making umbrellas and raincoats essential for residents and visitors alike.
Average Snow in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Snowfall in Rotterdam is relatively modest compared to other parts of Europe.
| Month | Inches of Snow |
|---|---|
| January | 1.2 |
| February | 1.3 |
| March | 0.8 |
| November | 0.2 |
| December | 0.9 |
Most of the snow falls from November to March, with February receiving about 1.3 inches of snow.
Snowy days are fewer, often confined to a couple of days per month during the peak winter months.
Average Sun in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam experiences varying patterns of sunlight throughout the year, which are influenced by factors like cloud cover and daylight hours. The amount of sunshine fluctuates significantly from month to month.
Average Daily Shortwave Solar Energy in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Throughout the year, Rotterdam sees changes in shortwave solar energy due to variations in solar elevation and cloud cover.
- January: Approximately 1.1 kWh/m²
- February: Around 2.1 kWh/m²
- March: Roughly 3.4 kWh/m²
- April: Near 4.3 kWh/m²
- May: About 5.3 kWh/m²
- June: Peaks at approximately 5.9 kWh/m²
- July: Maintains around 5.8 kWh/m²
- August: Around 5.0 kWh/m²
- September: Drops to about 3.8 kWh/m²
- October: Roughly 2.4 kWh/m²
- November: About 1.2 kWh/m²
- December: Dips to 0.9 kWh/m²
In Rotterdam, the highest solar energy is received during the summer, especially in June and July.
The winter months see the least amount of solar energy due to shorter daylight hours and more frequent cloud cover.
Average Humidity in Rotterdam, Netherlands
In Rotterdam, the relative humidity varies throughout the year. The most humid month is November, with an average relative humidity of 86.31%. The least humid month is May, with an average relative humidity of 72.92%.
Here is a breakdown of the average relative humidity by month:
| Month | Average Relative Humidity (%) |
|---|---|
| January | 85 |
| February | 84 |
| March | 81 |
| April | 75 |
| May | 73 |
| June | 74 |
| July | 75 |
| August | 76 |
| September | 80 |
| October | 84 |
| November | 86 |
| December | 86 |
The dew point is another way to measure moisture in the air.
In Rotterdam, the dew point can vary significantly. During the winter months, the dew point is often lower, indicating cooler air.
In contrast, the dew point in the summer months can be higher, reflecting warmer, more humid conditions.
Average Wind in Rotterdam, Netherlands
The average wind speed in Rotterdam varies throughout the year. The wind is generally more robust during the colder months and calmer during the warmer months.
Monthly Average Wind Speed
| Month | Wind Speed (mph) |
|---|---|
| January | 18 |
| February | 17.5 |
| March | 17 |
| April | 15.5 |
| May | 14 |
| June | 13 |
| July | 12.5 |
| August | 12.5 |
| September | 13.5 |
| October | 15 |
| November | 17 |
| December | 18 |
Windiest Month
January is typically the windiest month in Rotterdam, with an average wind speed of 18 mph.
Wind Direction
The wind in Rotterdam often comes from the southwest. This pattern is consistent throughout the year, contributing to the city’s temperate oceanic climate.
Average Air Quality in Rotterdam, Netherlands
The air quality in Rotterdam, Netherlands, can vary throughout the year.
Air Quality Index (AQI) measures a range of pollutants to assess how clean or polluted the air is.
Rotterdam usually experiences moderate air quality levels. Common pollutants include PM2.5 and PM10 particles.
| Month | AQI (Average) | Main Pollutant |
|---|---|---|
| January | 52 | PM2.5 |
| February | 48 | PM2.5 |
| March | 55 | PM10 |
| April | 50 | PM2.5 |
| May | 53 | PM10 |
| June | 51 | PM2.5 |
| July | 54 | PM10 |
| August | 56 | PM10 |
| September | 49 | PM2.5 |
| October | 52 | PM2.5 |
| November | 47 | PM2.5 |
| December | 51 | PM2.5 |
The PM2.5 and PM10 particles often come from traffic emissions and industrial activities.
These particles can cause visibility issues, especially during colder months.
Real-time data can be monitored using various online tools like AccuWeather and IQAir, which provide updates on pollution levels and forecasts.
Pressure and wind patterns greatly impact the air quality by either dispersing or trapping pollutants.
Understanding these patterns can help residents make informed decisions about outdoor activities.
Regularly checking air quality reports can help maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Topography of Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam, located in South Holland, Netherlands, is mostly flat. Its average elevation is quite low compared to many other cities around the world. For instance, the city has an average elevation of 4 meters (about 13 feet).
Areas like Dutch Harbour have an even lower elevation of 3 feet.
The topography includes various parks and green spaces. Arboretum Trompenburg is a notable location with an average elevation of around 10 feet.
Rotterdam is also known for its waterways as it is near the North Sea. This proximity to water adds to the city’s low elevation and flat terrain.
The city benefits from a network of canals and rivers running through it.
These waterways can sometimes be navigated using small boats or even kayaking.
With such proximity to the North Sea, Rotterdam’s landscape is also influenced by its maritime climate, which requires residents to be prepared for rain with an umbrella.
Travelers arriving at Rotterdam The Hague Airport will find themselves on relatively flat terrain, making it easy to navigate the area by various modes of transportation.
Extreme Weather Events that Occur in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam experiences a variety of extreme weather events due to its location and climate.
Flooding is a significant concern in Rotterdam. The city is highly vulnerable to floods, especially with rising sea levels and increased rainfall.
Heavy rainfall often results in flash floods, which can cause major disruptions.
In July 2021, heavy rainfall led to significant flooding in the provinces of Limburg and Noord-Brabant. Rotterdam also saw impacts from this extreme weather.
Heatwaves are becoming more frequent.
The longest recorded heatwave in the Netherlands occurred in 1975, lasting 18 days with an average maximum temperature of 84.6°F (29.2°C) according to an AMS Institute report.
Rotterdam’s urban environment can exacerbate heatwave conditions, leading to the urban heat island effect, where temperatures are higher in the city than in the surrounding rural areas.
Cold spells can also occur in Rotterdam, although they are less common.
When cold fronts move in, temperatures can drop sharply. This can lead to icy roads and disruptions in transportation.
Monthly Overview: Extreme Weather Data
| Month | Event | Details |
|---|---|---|
| January | Cold Spells | Sharp temperature drops |
| July | Rainfall | Heavy rainfall, potential floods |
| August | Heatwave | High temperatures, urban heat effect |
Best Time of the Year to Visit Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam offers different experiences throughout the year, each with unique weather patterns. Understanding these seasonal changes can help you decide the best time for your visit.
What Is Rotterdam, Netherlands Like in Spring
Spring in Rotterdam spans March through May. This season marks the city’s awakening, with colorful flowers and longer daylight hours.
March can be chilly with temperatures ranging from 41°F to 52°F. Rain is common, so pack an umbrella.
April warms up slightly, with averages between 45°F and 57°F. Gardens and parks become vibrant, making it ideal for outdoor activities.
May sees temperatures climb to between 50°F and 64°F. This is perfect for leisurely strolls and biking around the city.
Spring Highlights:
- Blooming tulip fields.
- Outdoor cafes opening up.
- Perfect weather for visiting parks and gardens.
What Is Rotterdam, Netherlands Like in Summer
Summer in Rotterdam runs from June to August and features mild to warm temperatures.
June temperatures range from 54°F to 68°F. Rain is possible, but not frequent.
July and August are the warmest months, with highs around 73°F and lows around 55°F. Even though it is summer, the weather remains quite changeable, so a light jacket is handy for cooler days.
Summer Highlights:
- Festivals and outdoor events.
- Long days with up to 16 hours of daylight.
- Best time for boat tours and waterfront activities.
What Is Rotterdam, Netherlands Like in Fall
Autumn or fall in Rotterdam is from September to November. It is a season of changing colors and cooler temperatures.
September enjoys weather similar to early summer, with temperatures between 52°F and 66°F. This is a pleasant time with fewer tourists.
October starts bringing cooler air, averaging 45°F to 57°F. Trees and parks turn to stunning shades of red and gold.
November can get quite cool, with temperatures dropping to 39°F to 48°F. Rain becomes more frequent, so pack a raincoat.
Fall Highlights:
- Beautiful autumn foliage.
- Cozy cafes and indoor events.
- Fewer tourists and shorter lines at attractions.
What Is Rotterdam, Netherlands Like in Winter
Winter in Rotterdam spans December to February. The season offers mild to cold weather.
December sees temperatures hover between 36°F and 45°F.
Holiday markets and festive lights create a charming atmosphere.
January has the coldest weather, with temperatures ranging from 34°F to 43°F.
Snow is rare but possible, creating picturesque scenes.
February is slightly milder. Expect temperatures between 34°F and 44°F.
Rain is common, and days are short.
Winter Highlights:
- Holiday markets and festivals.
- Cozy indoor attractions like museums.
- Potential for light snow, adding to the charm.